Thailand is currently exploring the legalisation of casino destinations through a proposed draft legislation that envisions "entertainment complexes." 

Complexes would mandate the inclusion of at least four additional facilities, such as hotels and restaurants, in an effort to stimulate tourism amidst ongoing economic challenges. The proposal is projected to generate at least USD 12 billion in its first year, primarily targeting visitors from China, where gambling remains heavily restricted. 

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Study Estimates 90% of Casino Customers Would Be Thai

According to a study by Thailand's Finance Ministry, an estimated 90% of casino gamblers would be Thai nationals, raising concerns about the domestic implications of introducing legalised gambling. 

As the government reviews the draft law, public consultation is underway—a requisite under the Thai Constitution—which has highlighted the divide within the political landscape regarding this initiative.  

Recent political upheaval has delayed the final decision on casino legalization. Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin, a notable advocate for the legislation, was recently ousted from his position. Currently, a special House committee, led by caretaker Deputy Finance Minister Julapun Amornvivat, is tasked with evaluating the potential for integrated entertainment complexes. 

Public and Political Division Over Gambling 

Decision-makers grapple with various political factions that hold differing views on the matter, while significant public opposition persists, driven by concerns over the moral and social ramifications of gambling. The findings of the finance ministry's study have been presented to the cabinet, influencing the drafting of the new law.  

The study emphasized that if casinos were to be established in Thailand, the majority of patrons would likely be local residents. It drew comparisons to Macau, where approximately 10% of the population, including both locals and tourists, regularly engage in gambling activities. 

Critics Warn Gambling Legalisation Could Attract Criminal Elements  

Critics of the proposed legislation caution against potential risks, such as the possibility of illegal gambling continuing to flourish and increased rates of problem gambling among locals. While Thai citizens would be subjected to a substantial entry fee of 5,000 baht (approximately USD 146), foreign visitors would be granted free access.  

Officials hope to model Thailand's regulations after successful frameworks in places like Singapore; however, there are worries that legalizing gambling could lead to an uptick in crime and fail to eradicate underground betting operations. Experts warn that without robust regulatory measures, Thailand could attract criminal syndicates involved in money laundering and other illicit activities associated with casinos.  

Historically, Thailand has maintained a complicated relationship with gambling, allowing it only in horse racing and through the state-run lottery. Previous efforts to establish casinos faced hurdles in attracting the desired clientele and managing the economic and social implications involved.